[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.spojnice.cz\/co-je-to-elektrina-a-jak-vznika\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.spojnice.cz\/co-je-to-elektrina-a-jak-vznika\/","headline":"Co je to elekt\u0159ina a jak vznik\u00e1","name":"Co je to elekt\u0159ina a jak vznik\u00e1","description":"Elektrick\u00e1 energie n\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ipadat jako n\u011bco fantastick\u00e9ho, nadpozemsk\u00e9ho, ostatn\u011b, byla objevena teprve ned\u00e1vno a lidstvo ji aktivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 teprve pouh\u00e9 jedno stolet\u00ed. Co to vlastn\u011b elekt\u0159ina je a jak vznik\u00e1? Princip je pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00fd a vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edho fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u016fsoben\u00ed hmotn\u00fdch element\u00e1rn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stic, z nich\u017e se obecn\u011b ve\u0161ker\u00e1 hmota skl\u00e1d\u00e1. V\u0161echny atomy a molekuly […]","datePublished":"2018-06-14","dateModified":"2023-04-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.spojnice.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"spojnice.cz\n","url":"https:\/\/www.spojnice.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/87132efef9f5972c3e770e1fb0907fb3dcc1311f82da5f30bffbae0bd81cf8c0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/87132efef9f5972c3e770e1fb0907fb3dcc1311f82da5f30bffbae0bd81cf8c0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"spojnice.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.spojnice.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a319510_w1755_t1530522973.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.spojnice.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a319510_w1755_t1530522973.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.spojnice.cz\/co-je-to-elektrina-a-jak-vznika\/","about":["Elektro"],"wordCount":409,"articleBody":" Elektrick\u00e1 energie n\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ipadat jako n\u011bco fantastick\u00e9ho, nadpozemsk\u00e9ho, ostatn\u011b, byla objevena teprve ned\u00e1vno a lidstvo ji aktivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 teprve pouh\u00e9 jedno stolet\u00ed. Co to vlastn\u011b elekt\u0159ina je a jak vznik\u00e1? Princip je pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00fd a vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edho fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u016fsoben\u00ed hmotn\u00fdch element\u00e1rn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stic, z nich\u017e se obecn\u011b ve\u0161ker\u00e1 hmota skl\u00e1d\u00e1. V\u0161echny atomy a molekuly l\u00e1tek, tedy i na\u0161e lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 hmotn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stice obsahuje atomy a ty se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed z proton\u016f, elektron\u016f a neutron\u016f. Ty jsou nositeli kladn\u00e9ho a z\u00e1porn\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje, proton je nabit\u00fd kladn\u011b (+) a elektron z\u00e1porn\u011b (-). V rovnov\u00e1\u017en\u00e9m stavu (za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednek) prob\u00edh\u00e1 ve v\u0161ech l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch tzv. elektroneutr\u00e1ln\u00ed stav, tedy po\u010dty proton\u016f a elektron\u016f jsou v rovnov\u00e1ze, zde nutno podotknout, \u017ee protony se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v j\u00e1d\u0159e atomu, zat\u00edmco elektrony kolem n\u011bj neust\u00e1le ob\u00edhaj\u00ed v jednotliv\u00fdch valen\u010dn\u00edch vrstv\u00e1ch elektronov\u00e9ho obalu. Elektrony jsou tedy neust\u00e1le v pohybu. Coulomb\u016fv z\u00e1kon P\u016fsoben\u00edm vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vliv\u016f na l\u00e1tku (hmotu) lze tuto rovnov\u00e1hu naru\u0161it, jedn\u00edm z p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt t\u0159en\u00ed plastov\u00e9 nebo sklen\u011bn\u00e9 ty\u010dinky po povrchov\u00e9 vrstv\u011b k\u016f\u017ee, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ta z\u00edsk\u00e1 z\u00e1porn\u00fd n\u00e1boj a ty\u010dinka kladn\u00fd. Tyto elektrick\u00e9 n\u00e1boje na sebe vz\u00e1jemn\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed silou, kterou definuje tzv. Coulomb\u016fv z\u00e1kon, kde lze zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee n\u00e1sobek obou n\u00e1boj\u016f se d\u011bl\u00ed druhou mocninou jejich vzd\u00e1lenosti. Ohm\u016fv z\u00e1kon Okolo elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje pak vznik\u00e1 silov\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 pole, je\u017e p\u016fsob\u00ed ur\u010ditou intenzitou na elektrony ve vodiv\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech (kovy, voda atd.). Tento pohyb elektron\u016f jednodu\u0161e m\u016f\u017eeme pojmenovat jako elektrick\u00fd proud. V n\u011bm se elektrony p\u0159em\u00eds\u0165uj\u00ed z jejich vysok\u00e9ho po\u010dtu (z\u00e1porn\u00e9ho p\u00f3lu) do m\u00edsta s n\u00edzk\u00fdm po\u010dtem elektron\u016f (kladn\u00fd p\u00f3l). Mezi kladn\u00fdm a z\u00e1porn\u00fdm p\u00f3lem vznik\u00e1 elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed a ka\u017ed\u00fd vodi\u010d klade nap\u011bt\u00ed a proudu ur\u010dit\u00fd odpor. Vztah mezi nap\u011bt\u00edm, proudem a odporem vodi\u010d\u016f popisuje zn\u00e1m\u00ed Ohm\u016fv z\u00e1kon.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.5\/5 - (6 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Co je to elekt\u0159ina a jak vznik\u00e1","item":"https:\/\/www.spojnice.cz\/co-je-to-elektrina-a-jak-vznika\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]